MPwri—Produced Water Reinjection
MPwri is a highly specialized simulator for predicting the pressure and
geometry of hydraulic fractures associated with Produced Water Reinjection
and water flooding. The program was specifically designed for evaluating
the effects of injecting large volumes of fluid over long periods of time
with fracture efficiencies approaching zero.
MPwri has options for the conventional (1D Carter type leak-off)
and ellipsoidal (2D Koning) fluid loss. At early times, fluid loss
from the fracture is generally diffusion controlled or 1D, but at large
times the fluid loss is governed by ellipsoidal and pseudo-steady state
leak-off. The reservoir coupling with ellipsoidal fluid loss has a marked
effect on fracture geometry for high permeability large injection volumes
compared to 1D leak-off. Boundary conditions for the reservoir
drainage area include, closed system, constant pressure boundary condition
and pseudo-steady state behavior.
The solution methodology for our Produced Water Re-injection (PWRI)
hydraulic fracturing simulator is formulated in Appendix J. A summary
of the governing water and thermal front equations, thermal and
poro-elastic stresses and fluid loss equations are also presented in this
report.
MPwri—Features
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Reservoir Coupling for Linear (1D) and Ellipsoidal (2D) fluid loss
models. For ellipsoidal flow you can specify the boundary conditions
for:
- Closed System,
- Constant Pressure B.C., and
- Pseudo-Steady State.
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The model has an option to remember the Fluid Loss history.
-
Thermal and Poro-Elastic Stresses are included.
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Multi-Layer Fracturing.
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Thermal and water fronts for each formation layer.
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The Fluid Loss Model offers a Dynamic model where you can:
- Input Filter cake,
- Input Fracture Skin, and
- Calculate Fracture Skin.
If the option Calculate Fracture skin is selected, you must input
the Internal and External Cake properties in the Cake Properties Dialog
under the Data menu option.
-
The Fluid Loss Data (Dynamic Model) screen offers column entries for
Hydro-Carbon Saturation, Irreducible Water Saturation, Residual Oil
Saturation and a calculated Mobile Porosity.
-
When you have the Dynamic Fluid Loss model selected in the Data
Options screen along with the Input Fracture Skin, Internal and
External Skin columns are added to the Fluid Loss Data spread
sheet.
MPwri has numerous plots illustrating the thermal and water fronts,
thermal and poro-elastic stresses as a function of time and depth, internal
and external skin and cakes, volume loss per unit area and transitional
volume losses before the onset of an external cake, etc. A typical
multi-layer fracture width profile plot with modified thermal and
poro-elastic stresses and thermal/water front (minor and major axis per
layer) fronts is shown below:
The figures below show a number of other typical MPwri plots
including:
- The volume loss and volume loss/area, and
- Fracture skin and external cake thickness for each layer.
The last figure illustrates the minor/major Water and Thermal fronts for
the formation layer with the maximum fluid loss volume.
More information on the MPwri software:
Click here to download the Meyer 2009
User’s Guide, including the chapter on MPwri
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